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Instead, they went with Solution 2. The resulting currency, known as bitcoin money, increased the blocksize to 8 Mb in order to accelerate the verification procedure to allow a performance of around 2 million transactions every day. In the time of writing, Bitcoin Cash is valued at $545.00 to Bitcoins $6,328.11.

When you hear about bitcoin mining, you envisage coins being dug out of the ground. However, bitcoin isnt physical, so why do we call it mining

Because its similar to gold mining in that the bitcoins exist in the protocols design (just as the gold exists underground), but they havent been introduced into the light yet (like the golden hasnt yet been dug up). The bitcoin protocol stipulates that 21 million bitcoins will exist at some point.

They get to perform this as a reward for creating cubes of validated transactions and including them in the blockchain.

Backtracking a little, lets talk about nodes. A node is a powerful computer which runs the bitcoin software and helps keep bitcoin running by participating in the relay of information. Anyone can run a node, you just download the bitcoin software (free) and also leave a certain port open (the drawback is that it consumes energy and storage space the network at time of writing carries up about 145GB).

One node will send information to a few nodes that it knows, that will relay the information to nodes that they know, etc.. This way it ends up getting around the whole network pretty fast. .

Some nodes are mining nodes (usually referred to as miners). These set outstanding transactions into blocks and add them to the blockchain. How do they do so by solving a complex mathematical puzzle that's part of this bitcoin app, and including the answer in the cube. The mystery that needs solving is to find a number which, when combined with all the data in the block and passed via a hash function, produces a result that's within a certain range.

(For trivia lovers, this number is known as a nonce, which is a concatenation of number employed once. In the case of bitcoin, the nonce is an integer between 0 and 4,294,967,296.)

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How can they find this number By guessing at random. The hash function makes it impossible to predict what the outcome will be. So, miners suppose the mystery number and apply the hash function to the combination of that guessed number and the data in the cube. The resulting hash must begin with a pre-established number of zeroes.

Whats more, there may be several nonces that produce the desired result, or there might be none (in the event the miners keep trying, but using a different block configuration). .

The first miner to get a resulting hash within the desired range announces its victory to the remainder of the network. All the other miners immediately stop work on that block and start trying to find out the puzzle number for the next one. As a reward for its own work, the victorious miner has some new bitcoin. .

At the time of writing, the reward is 12.5 bitcoins, which in time of writing will be worth almost $200,000.

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Though its not nearly as cushy a bargain as it sounds. There are a lot of mining nodes competing for that benefit, and it's a question of fortune and computing power (the more guessing calculations you can perform, the luckier you are).

Also, the costs of being a mining node are considerable, not only because of the powerful hardware needed (in case you've got a faster processor than your opponents, you've got a better chance of finding the correct number before they do), but also because of the large amounts of power that running these chips consumes. .

And, the number of all bitcoins awarded as a reward for solving the puzzle will decrease. Its 12.5 now, but it pits each four decades or so (the next one is expected in 2020-21). The value go now of bitcoin relative to price of power and hardware could go up over the next few decades to partly compensate this reduction, but its not certain. .

The difficulty of the calculation (the required number of zeroes at the beginning of the hash string) is adjusted frequently, so it takes on average about 10 minutes to process a block.

Why 10 minutes that's the amount of time the bitcoin developers think is necessary to get a steady and diminishing flow of new coins until the maximum number of 21 million has been reached (expected some time in 2140).